doi: 10.1093/brain/124.9.1821 169 FeiringBLaakeIBakkenIJGreve-IsdahlMWyllerVBHbergSEet al
Critically, however, small amounts of ROS are necessary for healthy functioning as they are important intercellular signalling molecules: in large amounts though, ROS can be highly toxic because of their ability to react with sensitive intracellular biomolecules (DNA, proteins, lipids in bi-layer membranes, etc.) and so disrupt the vital biochemical pathways that sustain life [Morrell, 2010]
Key points about elevated B12: Water-soluble vitamin with significant hepatic storage capacity Elevated levels defined as exceeding laboratory upper reference limit Often discovered incidentally during routine blood tests May reflect underlying pathology rather than toxicity Persistent elevation should be confirmed with repeat testing It is important to note that high B12 levels are generally not considered toxic in the same way as fat-soluble vitamins
In addition, the N-terminal thioredoxin-like domain of GST, known as the G-site, is responsible for GSH binding 22
doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.001
