Individual tolerance often determines optimal dosing, with some users finding 8mg provides excellent results with fewer side effects while others tolerate and benefit from 12mg dosing
Unlike most nutrients, B12 requires a protein called intrinsic factor (IF) to be absorbed
While deficiencies take time to develop, people with gastrointestinal disorders, low stomach acid (common with aging), or those following vegan or vegetarian diets may struggle to get enough B12
Excess nicotinamide is eliminated partly through a methylation pathway, meaning it consumes methyl donors in the process of excretion
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