It is made up of three amino acids glutamine, glycine, and cysteineand plays a vital role in detoxifying, repairing, and protecting cells
NO is an active molecule produced by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) protein family, which directly binds and inactivates iron-containing enzymes [48] or reacts with superoxide anion radical O2 to form a highly active peroxy sulfoxide Nitrates (ooo-), which can attack membrane lipids and proteins of the pathogens, especially protein thiols [49]
Fig 1 suggests that this increase in total glutathione pool appears to mostly result from increased GSH bound to plasma proteins, though GSH in erythrocyte lysate and GSSG bound to plasma proteins also contribute to this
Gerland, L
In this review, we have discussed the potential mechanisms of renal tubular injury in DKD, including hyperglycemia, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, RAAS, ER stress, inflammation, EMT and programmed cell death