It is remarkable to have data from a significant sample size
Ascorbic acid and cholesterol gallstones
(Israel), Fresenius Kabi AG (Germany), and STADA Arzneimittel AG (Germany)
They framed the gutbrain axis as a dynamic bidirectional signaling network whose dysregulation underlies a broad spectrum of neurogastrointestinal diseases, positioning EVs as key mediators of intercellular communication and promising non-invasive biomarkers Derived from both host and microbial cells, EVs carry bioactive cargo, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites, that reflects the physiological or pathological state of their origin and can traverse biological barriers such as the bloodbrain barrier
Metformin, a commercially effective anti-diabetic medicine, was recently identified in the field of drug discovery by adapting the concept of pharmacognosy and establishing the foundation for formulating herbal products to inhibit DPP-IV and regulate incretin activity (66, 67)