Furthermore, TAs modulated the gutliver axis by inhibiting the intestinal FXRsphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3)ceramide pathway, which may contribute to reduced hepatic lipid deposition
Besides, zinc has been demonstrated to exert an insulin-mimetic effect on target organs, including adipocytes
Ongoing treatment was defined with the exposure definition used in the main analyses, including a grace period of 90 days, with patients being allowed to discontinue and reinitiate treatment multiple times
Furthermore, for specific compounds, additional key mechanisms such as Fas-mediated signal transduction, loss of cellular redox homeostasis, ATP depletion, changes in ion channels, and activation of kinases and caspases, among others, have been highlighted
doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0312-z 61 RosenbergAGWPellikaanKPoitouCGoldstoneAPHybyeCMarkovicTet al